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托福阅读近意词(5)
来源：　　【】　
&Underlying = inner (underlying adj.在下面的, 隐含的 ，implicit 如 underlying meaning) underpinning (基础, 支柱, 支撑 a support or foundation) Unqualified (不合格的，无限制的，绝对的) = complete utilitarian = functional (文中选) (utilitarian adj.功利的, 实利的, 功利主义的 n.功利论者 ) unqualified = utilitarian =functional universallywithout exception unrestrictedunlimited undergoneexperienced uniform vigorous = strong vexing = difficult (not sure) (vex: 使恼怒，使痛苦, puzzle, annoy) volatile vastimmense vastgreat vehiclemeans variabilitytendency to change withstandpersist avoid/persist? 原文是：...brick withstood the weathering for a long time... withstand=resist wearuse whatever in any case/ at any rate/at all event warycautious way stationstop ？= yet 选项还有however / in addition. yieldprovide 1&&&
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abundant—plentiful 丰富的－丰富的accelerate—increase
加速－增加accessible—reachable 可到达的－可到达的accordingly—for
that reason因此－因此account
for—explain说明accumulate—collect积聚－收集acute—intense急性的－剧烈的adhere—stick粘附－粘附adjunct—addition辅助－附加adorn—decorate装饰－－装饰adverse—negative相反的－负面的advocate—proponent提倡者－支持者aesthetical—artistic审美的－艺术的astound—surprise令人极为惊讶的－令人惊讶attachment
(to)—preference
(for)喜爱－喜爱attain—achieve获得－获得attendant—accompanying伴随的－伴随的attire—clothing衣服－衣服attribute—characteristic特征aviation—navigation航空－航空barren—infertile贫瘠的－贫瘠的bias—prejudice偏见－偏见bizarre—odd－奇异的－奇怪的boost—raise促进－提高bound—limit限制－限制break
(with)—departure (from)与…相分离－与…相分离bring
about—cause导致－导致calculate—determine计划－决定carry—support支撑－支撑cast
off—get rid
of丢弃－抛弃cease—stop终止－停止celestial—astronomical天上的－天文的chance—unplanned偶然的－未计划的characterized—distinguished具有特色的－杰出的classify—categorize分类－分类coarse—rough
粗糙－粗糙cohesion—unity凝聚－结合，统一coin—create创造，杜撰－创造collectively—together共同的－一起comparably—similarly类似－同样地compile—put
together收集－收集compose—create创作－创作，创造comprise—consist
of 由…组成－由…组成conceal—hide
隐藏－隐藏concentrate—cluster集中－集中conclusive—definitive最后的，结论性的－最后的，确定性的concomitant
with—in conjunction
with与…相一致－与…相一致condone—mercy宽恕－宽恕confined—limited被限制的－限制的conflict—opposition冲突－相反conjectural—based
on guessing 推测的－给予猜测的consciously—on purpose
有意识地－有目的地conserve—retain保存－保存considerable—great（数量、程度）巨大的－巨大的considerable—much大量的－大量的，坚实的considerable—substantial
大量的－大量的，坚实的consort—associate合伙人，伴侣－合伙人，伙伴conspicuous—noticeable明显的－明显的constituent—component组成部分－成分constitute—make
up构成－构成consult—counsel商量－商量consumption—eating消费－吃contemporary—existing
当代的－现存的counteract—negate
抵消－取消，否定counterpart—version副本－版本crucial—essential重要的，关键的－重要的，基本的cumbersome—burdensome麻烦的－麻烦的customary—usual习俗的－一般的dampen—moisten使潮湿－使潮湿daring—bold大胆的－大胆的deft—skilled灵巧的－熟练的deliberate—careful深思熟虑的－小心的demand—order要求－命令demonstrate—show
证明－显示dense—thick 密集的－稠密的depress—lower降低－降低
depressed—saddened沮丧的－悲伤的，沮丧的derive—obtain取得，获得－获得detect—discover
the presence of
发现－发现…的存在detectable—measurable可察觉的，可测出的－可测量的detectable—sizable可察觉的，可测出的－巨大的devastate—ruin损坏－毁灭devote—dedicate投身－致力dictate—determine规定－确定diffuse—travel扩散－传播dirt—soil土壤－土壤disaster—catastrophe灾祸－大灾祸discreet—careful谨慎的－小心的discrete—separate离散的－分离的dispute—argument争论－争论disseminate—spread/impart/inform传播－散布/传播/传播distinct—different截然不同的－不同的distinct—obvious明显的－明显的distinct—separate分别的，截然不同的－分离的distinction—difference区别－差别distinguished—differentiated不同的－不同的，有区别的divergence—difference分歧－不同dogma—belief/doctrine教条－信仰/教条domain—field范围，领域－土地，领域dominate—be
in占优势－占优势dramatic—striking引人注目的－引人注目的drastic—radical猛烈的－根本的drastic—severe激烈的－猛烈的draw—attract吸引－吸引durable—lasting耐久的－持久的durable—endurable耐久的－持久的dwelling—house住宅－房子eagerly
anticipate—look forward
to热切地期望－盼望elaborate—detailed详尽的，精巧的－详细的，精细的embed—encase植入－包裹embrace—welcome（欣然）接受－欢迎embrace—recipient接受者－接受者，收件人emerge—appear出现－出现emit—give
off发射－发射employ—hire雇用－雇用enable—allow使能够－允许enable—help使能够－帮助enact—perform
制定法律，扮演角色－扮演角色end—goal目的－目的entire—whole全部的－全部的entity—object实体－物体entomb—trap埋葬－使陷于…之中eradicate—eliminate根除－清除essential—fundamental基本的－基本的evidence—indicate表明－指出exalted—superior高贵的－出众的exceed—surpass超越－超过execute—create（按计划和设计）做成，制成－创造exert—apply施加－施行exorbitant—expensive
昂贵的，昂贵的expedient—makeshift权宜之计－权宜之计exponential
leaps—rapid
increases几何级数般的跳跃－快速增加expose—uncover揭露－揭露exposed
to—subject
to暴露于－使经受，使遭受extend—increase延长－增加，扩大extend—stretch延伸－伸展extol—praise赞美－赞扬extract—remove提取，去掉－清除faction—side帮派－一方fade
(from)—disappear
(from)淡出－消失fashion—create制作－创造fatal—deadly致命的－致命的feed—put填入－放入fine—minute细小的－微小的first
rank—highest quality顶级的－最高档次的fixture—commonplace
object固定设备－常规物体flatter—compliment奉承－赞美forage—feed喂草料－喂食forward-looking—progressive有远见的－进步的frame—pose给…设框－使摆好姿势fundamental—basic基本的－基本的fuse—combine融合－联合gap—opening裂缝－裂缝give
way to—turn
into被…所替代－转变为glow—shine发光－发光hard—firm坚硬的－坚硬的hemisphere—side半球－一侧herald—announce预示，宣布－预示，宣布homogeneous—uniform同源的－一致的imitate—copy模仿－复制immunity—protection免疫－保护implement—tool工具－工具implication—
significance内涵－含义，意义 impose—demand强加（要求）－要求in
place of—instead of
代替－代替inadequate—deficient不充分的－缺乏的，不足够的incise—carve切割－雕刻inclination—preference爱好，倾向－爱好induce—cause导致－导致inevitable—ineluctable不可避免的－不可避免的influx—arrival流入－到达ingot—a
metal金属锭－一块金属inhibit—hinder阻止－妨碍initially—at
first最初－第一initiate—begin创立－开始instance—case案例－案例instantaneous—immediate立杆见影的－立即的integral—essential整体的，构成整天所必需的－基本的，必需的intense—extreme强烈的－极端的interchangeable—equivalent可替换的－等值的intervention—influence干涉－影响intricate—complex复杂的－复杂的inviting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的jolt—shock使震惊－使震惊lament—complain
about令人对…感到遗憾－抱怨lure—attract引诱－吸引magnify—increase扩大－提高magnify—intensify扩大－加强magnitude—extent量值，大小－范围maintain—preserve/keep维持－保持/保持major—principal主要的－主要的maneuver—trick策略，花招－诡计margin—edge边缘－边缘marked—pronounced明显的－明显的meticulous—careful谨小慎微的，过分注意细节的－小心的milestone—significant
development里程碑－重大的发展minuscule—tiny微小的－微小的minute—tiny微小的－微小的modify—change改变－改变monopolize—dominate垄断－支配moreover—furthermore进一步说－进一步说mundane—ordinary世俗的－平常的myriad
of—many无数的－许多的nevertheless—however然而－然而novel—innovative新颖的－创新的noxious—harmful有害的－有害的obtain—acquire得到－获得obtain—get获得－得到outbreak—beginning爆发－开始outline—summarization概要－概述outstanding—excellent出类拔萃的－很好的peak—maximum顶峰－最大值peculiar—distinctive独特的－独特的penetrate—go
through穿过－穿过persist—continue坚持－持续pertinent—relevant相关的－相关的phenomenon—event现象－事件pick
up—follow沿着－沿着picture—imagine/describe想象，描写－想象/描写pit—hole深坑－洞ponder—meditate沉思－沉思ponderous—heavy笨重的－沉重的pore—hole孔－洞position—location位置－位置potential—possible潜在的－可能的prefer—favor倾向，喜欢－喜欢preoccupation—involvement全神贯注－全神贯注preside
over—manage掌管－掌管prevailing—most
frequent主要的－最经常的prevent—avoid阻止－避免primary—fundamental基础的－基本的，基础的principal—main主要的－主要的prior
to—preceding在…之前－前面的prominent—distinguished卓越的－杰出的prominent—prestigious卓越的－著名的property—characteristic特性－特点proponent—supporter支持者－支持者prospect—possibility前景－可能性protrude—project突出－突出puncture—pierce刺破－刺破rapid—swift快速的－迅速的rare—infrequent希罕的－不经常的rather—instead相反－相反readily—easily容易地－容易地realization—awareness认识到－认识到reap—gain收获－获得reckless—irresponsible不负责任的－不负责任的refreshing—unusual给人新鲜感的－不同寻常的relate—connect与…有关－与…有关reliance—dependence依靠－依靠remarkable—extraordinary非凡的－非凡的restricted—limited受限制的－受限制的revise—change修改－改变rich—abundant丰富的－丰富的robust—strong强壮的－强壮的roll
back—reduce把…压到标准水平－降低，减少rotate—alternate旋转－交替rotate—turn旋转－旋转roughly—approximately大约－大概rudimentary—undeveloped初步的，尚未发展完备的－尚未发展完备的rupture—burst爆裂－爆裂sanitation—health卫生－卫生scale—climb攀登－攀登scope—range范围－范围secure—acquire弄到，获得－获得secure—safe安全的－安全的set—establish设置－建立settle—locate定居－坐落shield—protect保护－保护shy
from—avoid躲避－躲避simultaneous—synchronous同时的－同时的since—because因为－因为site—location地点－位置skepticism—doubt怀疑－怀疑skilled—expert熟练的－熟练的skyrocket—increase
rapidly快速上升－迅速增加smother—eliminate窒息－清楚snap—break断裂－断裂sole—only唯一的－唯一的solemn—serious严肃的－严肃的some—approximately大约－大概sort
out—separate区分－分离spark—bring (about)/usher
(in)引起，开始－引起/开始spawn—create引起，大量生产－创造speculate—hypothesize推测－假设spot—identify发现－确定，鉴别staggering—overwhelming令人惊愕的－压倒性的staple—basic
element主要部分－基本组成部分stationary—fixed静止的－固定的stimulate—encourage刺激－激励story—tale故事－故事strategy—scam/trick诡计－诡计/诡计strength—basis力量的源泉－基础stress—emphasize强调－强调stringent—strict严格的－严格的struggle—competition挣扎－竞争subject
to—susceptible
to易受…的－易受…的subsidize—finance资助－资助substantiate—verify证实－证实subtle—slight精巧微妙的－细微的succinct—concise/terse简短的－简明的/简短的sufficient—adequate充足的－充足的sumptuous—luxurious奢侈的－奢侈的supplement—extension补充－扩展，延伸support—hold/uphold支持－支撑/支持supposed—seeming假定的－表面上的supremacy—dominance至高无上－优势supreme—most
outstanding至高无上的－最出类拔萃的surge—accelerate汹涌进行－加速发展suspend—hang悬挂－悬挂symmetrical—proportionally
balanced对称的－比例平衡的tangle—twist/jumble纠缠－缠绕、使混乱tempting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的thankful—grateful感谢－感激trace—imprint痕迹－印记trend—tendency倾向－趋向unadorned—disorganized未修饰的－混乱的undergo—experience经历－经历uniform—integrate统一－整合unique—particular独一无二的－独特的unravel—discover弄清－发现usher
in—begin开始－开始vary—differ改变－与…不同vast—large宽广的，巨大的－巨大的vibrate—convulse震动－震动vigilant—alert警惕的－警惕的virtually—actually/practically/almost实质上（几乎）－实际上（几乎）/实际上（几乎）/几乎witness—observe目击－观察yield—provide产生－提供
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& 托福阅读近意词(3)
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　　托福阅读近意词(3)
　　mastery的形容词形式 -expert，
　　maintain-continue
　　moreover=in addition( 答案还有thus)
　　matter文中issue
　　mask = disguise masked 伪装的，隐藏的，潜伏的
　　milestone---significant events ( in the context)
　　milestone = significant events (select in whole paragraph, spend much time for this one)
　　moreover-additionally
　　mean --- signify (还有一选项intend)
　　masked
　　monopolize form --dominate
　　motif--pattern
　　monitored--observed
　　magnitude--extend
　　minutely adv.详细地, 精密地
　　minutely--finely
　　minute --tiny
　　minuscule--tiny
　　modification--alteration(另有clarification),
　　milestone--significant development
　　monotonous--boring
　　note = record
　　nature--character
　　notwithstanding --despite
　　note--record
　　outbreak = sudden increase（improved, upsetted, 另两个我忘了）
　　obscure=conceal 答案有干扰选项diminish
　　occasion-event
　　outlet 出口，出路
　　occasion-event
　　obscured- conceal
　　obtain --acquire
　　prosperous--wreathy,
　　premise = assumption
　　parcel out= distribute
　　procurement= obtain
　　practical/predictable/great-----p*midable(practical, not very sure)?
　　came from a article: the american army in 1776, ----conquer pumidable
　　difficulties----
　　prohibited = extremely
　　pare away --- remove
　　pattern (n. 式样, 格调, 图案 vt. 根据图形模仿，仿造 = match, imitate)
　　pinnacle = high point
　　pledge (保证, 誓言) = promise
　　practically (几乎，差不多) = nearly
　　predicament 困境
　　premise 前提 v. 假设 =assume
　　previous = past
　　primitive (原始的，早期的，朴实无华的) = early
　　principal = dominant
　　principle = rule
　　procure ( 获得，取得 acquire, obtain/ 实现，完成 = bring about, effect, procure a solution)
　　primitive: early
　　purchase==grip vt.买, 购买 n.买, 购买
　　当时选了 benifit，认为是好处之意，现在想来，还是grip（抓住）更好
　　principle (two times) 1 noun form i guess means-- rule
　　principal--main
　　proximity--closeness
　　procurement--obtain
　　procure===obtain
　　pore--hole
　　prior ----- past
　　predicament: difficult situation
　　predicament--serious situation
　　perspective, n.透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察
　　protruding--projecting
　　punctual
　　punctual----没有直接对应选项(carefully(my key 表示时间精确 not sure)
　　potential--possible
　　presumable--probably
　　primary--dominant
　　previously--before
　　pronounced--strong
　　pose==present
　　eserve == save
　　radical (基础的，根本的) = fundamental (radical = drastic)
　　rather than = instead of
　　refine
　　remedy (治疗)= cure,
　　rigorous schedule = demanding
　　(rigorous 严格的，严厉的 demanding 要求高的，苛求的 如 ：a demanding job )
　　rival = competitor
　　ramification--
　　ramification--consequence
　　redundancy
　　remarkable--incredible
　　revolutionous--quick discarding
　　revolutional --quick discarding/(我选了change，回来查字典发现我错了)
　　revolution--dramatical change
　　rigorous--demanding.
　　refreshing--unusual
　　relevant adj.有关的, 相应的
　　ritual n.典礼, (宗教)仪式, 礼节 adj.典礼的, (宗教)仪式的
　　rupture--burst
　　radical--extreme
　　remote--far away
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